Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
We have made statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including matters discussed under Part I, Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings, Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors, and in other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, that are forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words "may," "might," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue," the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include statements regarding the Company's business operations, assets, valuations, financial conditions, results of operations, future plans, strategies, and expectations, including statements regarding the timing of the consummation of the Merger, our future financial performance, our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment restructuring, our anticipated growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business, our ability to realize synergies in our businesses and our plans to expand our investment in value-based payment programs and in our product portfolio. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed under Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors and Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include: •the inability to complete the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement due to the failure to satisfy the conditions to the completion of the Merger, including that a governmental entity may prohibit, delay or refuse to grant approval for the consummation of the Merger;
•risks related to disruption of management’s attention from business operations
due to the Merger;
•the effect of the announcement of the Merger on our relations with our
customers, results of operations and business generally;
•risk that the Merger will not be consummated in a timely manner, exceeding the
expected costs of the Merger;
•the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise
to the termination of the Merger Agreement;
•our ability to implement our plan to wind down our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment and realize the anticipated cost savings and positive impact on 2023 earnings;
•the estimated costs associated with the Episodes of Care Wind-down
restructuring plan;
•the impact the Episodes of Care Wind-down restructuring plan will have on our
operations;
•the risk that our current revenue estimates under the BPCI-A program will be
significantly reduced due to the semiannual BPCI-A reconciliation from CMS;
•the risk that our current revenue estimates and savings rate under the MSSP ACO
program will be reduced;
•the COVID-19 pandemic and whether the pandemic will continue to subside in
2022;
•our dependence upon a limited number of key customers;
49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents •our dependence on certain key government programs;
•our failure to maintain and grow our network of high-quality providers;
•our failure to continue to innovate and provide services that are useful to
customers and achieve and maintain market acceptance;
•our limited operating history with certain of our solutions;
•our failure to compete effectively;
•the length and unpredictability of our sales cycle;
•failure of our existing customers to continue or renew their contracts with us;
•failure of service providers to meet their obligations to us;
•seasonality that may cause fluctuations in our sales, cash flows and results of
operations;
•our failure to achieve or maintain profitability;
•our revenue not growing at the rates they historically have, or at all;
•our failure to successfully execute on our growth initiatives, business
strategies, or operating plans;
•our failure to successfully launch new products;
•our failure to diversify sources of revenues and earnings;
•inaccurate estimates and assumptions used to determine the size of our total
addressable market;
•changes in accounting principles applicable to us;
•incorrect estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies;
•our failure to effectively adapt to changes in the healthcare industry,
including changes in the rules governing Medicare or other federal healthcare
programs;
•our failure to adhere to complex and evolving governmental laws and
regulations;
•our failure to comply with current and future federal and state privacy,
security and data protection laws, regulations or standards;
•our employment of and contractual relationships with our providers subjecting us to licensing or other regulatory risks, including recharacterization of our contracted providers as employees;
•adverse findings from inspections, reviews, audits and investigations from
health plans or government agencies;
•inadequate investment in or maintenance of our operating platform and other
information technology and business systems;
•our ability to develop and/or enhance information technology systems and
platforms to meet our changing customer needs;
•higher than expected investments in our business, including, but not limited to, investments in our technology and operating platform, which could reduce our profitability;
•security breaches or incidents, loss or misuse of data, a failure in or breach
of our operational or security systems or other disruptions;
•disruptions in our disaster recovery systems or management continuity planning;
•our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property;
•our dependence on distributions from Cure TopCo, our operating subsidiary, to fund dividend payments, if any, and to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement ("TRA");
•the control certain equityholders have over us and our status as a controlled
company;
•our ability to realize any benefit from our organizational structure;
50 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents
•risk associated with acquiring other businesses including our ability to
effectively integrate the operations and technologies of the acquired
businesses, including
•risks associated with an increase in our indebtedness or interest rates; and
•the other risk factors described under Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors and in
Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. In addition, all forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise other than as required under the federal securities laws.
Overview
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs and that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 and Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains references to periods prior to the Reorganization Transactions thatSignify Health, Inc. (referred to herein as "we", "our", "us", "Signify Health " or the "Company") andCure TopCo, LLC ("Cure TopCo") entered into in connection with its initial public offering (the "Reorganization Transactions"), which were effectiveFebruary 12, 2021 . Any information related to periods prior to the Reorganization Transactions refer to Cure TopCo and its consolidated subsidiaries and any information related to periods subsequent to the Reorganization Transactions refer toSignify Health and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Cure TopCo.Signify Health is a leading healthcare platform that leverages advanced analytics, proprietary technology and datasets, and nationwide healthcare provider networks to create and power value-based payment programs. Our mission is to build trusted relationships to make people healthier. Our customers include health plans, governments, employers, health systems and physician groups. We believe that we are a market leader in the value-based healthcare payment industry offering a suite of total cost of care enablement services, including, among others, in-home health evaluations ("IHEs") performed either within the patient's home, virtually or at a healthcare provider facility, diagnostic & preventive services, ACO enablement services, a provider enablement platform, 340B referrals and return to home services. IHEs are health evaluations performed by a clinician in the home to support payors' participation in Medicare Advantage and other government-run managed care plans. Our mobile network of providers completed evaluations for over 1.9 million individuals participating in Medicare Advantage and other managed care plans in 2021. Our ACO enablement services involve our clients taking responsibility for the cost of a patient's healthcare over the course of a year. These services include, but are not limited to, population health software, analytics, practice improvement, compliance, marketing, governance, surveys and licensing. The overall objective of the services provided is to help the customer receive shared savings. We believe that these core solutions have enabled us to become integral to how health plans and healthcare providers successfully participate in value-based payment programs, and that our platform lessens the dependence on facility-centric care for acute and post-acute services and shifts more services towards alternate sites and, most importantly, the home. 51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Our solutions support value-based payment programs by aligning financial incentives around outcomes, providing tools to health plans and healthcare organizations designed to assess and manage risk and identify actionable opportunities for improved patient outcomes, coordination and cost-savings. Through our platform, we coordinate what we believe is a holistic suite of clinical, social, and behavioral services to address an individual's healthcare needs and prevent adverse events that drive excess cost. Our business model is aligned with our customers, as we generate revenue when we successfully engage members for our health plan customers and generate savings for our provider customers. OnMarch 1, 2022 , we acquiredCaravan Health, Inc. ("Caravan Health ").Caravan Health provides a broad range of value-based and shared savings models from advanced primary care to total cost of care programs. We believe the acquisition ofCaravan Health will also position us to better to serve community hospitals, physician practices and clinics. OnJuly 7, 2022 , we announced our plans to exit our Episodes of Care business. OurCaravan Health business will not be impacted. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations" below.
Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Below is a summary of recent developments and factors that impact results of operations, including comparability to historical results of operations. As a result of a number of factors, our historical results of operations may not be comparable to our results of operations in future periods, and our results of operations may not be directly comparable from period to period. For a complete list of factors affecting our results of operations, refer to our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Pending Acquisition OnSeptember 2, 2022 , we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") withCVS Pharmacy, Inc. , aRhode Island corporation ("Parent"), andNoah Merger Sub, Inc. , aDelaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Subsidiary"), pursuant to which, among other things, Merger Subsidiary will merge with and into the Company and whereupon Merger Subsidiary will cease to exist and the Company will be the surviving corporation in the Merger (the "Surviving Corporation") and will continue as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (the "Merger"). As a result of the Merger, at the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), each share of our class A common stock, par value$0.01 per share ("Class A Common Stock") (other than (i) common stock owned by the Company, Parent or Merger Subsidiary or any subsidiary thereof and (ii) any shares of Class A Common Stock and our class B common stock, par value$0.01 per share ("Class B Common Stock", and, together with "Class A Common Stock", "Company Stock") owned by stockholders who properly exercise appraisal rights underDelaware law), including each share of Class A Common Stock resulting from the exchange of LLC Units (as defined below), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be canceled and converted into the right to receive$30.50 per share in cash, without interest (such per-share consideration, the "Per Share Consideration" and the aggregate consideration, the "Merger Consideration"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, immediately prior to the Effective Time, in accordance with the Merger Agreement, the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ofCure TopCo LLC ("Cure TopCo"), dated as ofFebruary 12, 2021 (the "Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement") and our certificate of incorporation, (i) we will require each member of Cure TopCo (excluding the Company and the Company Holding Subsidiary (as defined in the Merger Agreement), but includingCure Aggregator, LLC ) to effectuate a redemption 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents of all of such Cure TopCo member's LLC Units (as defined in the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement) ("LLC Units"), pursuant to which such LLC Units will be exchanged for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis in accordance with the provisions of the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement and the Merger Agreement and (ii) each share of Class B Common Stock shall automatically be canceled immediately upon the consummation of such redemptions, such that no shares of Class B Common Stock will remain outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. Consummation of the Merger is subject to certain conditions, including, but not limited to, (i) our receipt of the approval of the Merger Agreement by stockholders holding a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Company Stock, (ii) the expiration or early termination of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, (iii) the absence of any law or order prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the Merger, (iv) the absence of any Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Merger Agreement) on the Company and (v) the TRA Amendment (as defined below) being in full force and effect in accordance with its terms and not having been amended, repudiated, rescinded, or modified. OnOctober 31, 2022 , stockholders holding a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Company Stock approved the Merger Agreement. OnSeptember 19, 2022 , each of the Company and Parent filed its respective Notification and Report Form with theU.S. Department of Justice (the "DOJ") and theU.S. Federal Trade Commission (collectively, the "Agencies") under the HSR Act. OnOctober 19, 2022 , the Company and Parent each received a request for additional information and documentary materials (collectively, the "Second Request") from the DOJ in connection with the DOJ's review of the Merger. The effect of the Second Request is to extend the waiting period imposed under the HSR Act until the 30th day after substantial compliance by the Company and Parent with the Second Request, unless the waiting period is terminated earlier by the DOJ or extended by the parties to the Merger.
The Company has made customary representations and warranties in the Merger
Agreement and has agreed to customary covenants regarding the operation of the
business of the Company and its subsidiaries prior to the Effective Time.
The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for each of the Company and Parent. Upon termination of the Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms, under certain specified circumstances, the Company will be required to pay Parent a termination fee in an amount equal to$228.0 million , including if the Merger Agreement is terminated due to the Company accepting a superior proposal or due to the Company's Board changing its recommendation to the Company's stockholders to vote to approve the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement further provides that Parent will be required to pay the Company a termination fee in an amount equal to$380.0 million in the event the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain specified circumstances and receipt of antitrust approval has not been obtained by such time.
If the Merger is consummated, the Company will cease to be a publicly traded
company and will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent, and our common
stock will be delisted from the NYSE and deregistered under the Exchange Act.
We recorded approximately$9.2 million of transaction-related costs associated with the pending merger primarily related to banker fees, professional services fees and employee retention bonuses as transaction-related expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Operations during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 .
For more detail regarding the Merger Agreement, please see the Definitive Proxy
Statement filed by the Company with the
“Definitive Proxy Statement”). The foregoing description of the
53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Merger Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Merger Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with theSEC onSeptember 6, 2022 and also attached as Annex A to the Definitive Proxy Statement.
Episodes of Care Restructuring
OnJuly 7, 2022 , our Board approved a restructuring plan to wind down our Episodes of Care segment. This decision was made in light of recent retrospective trend calculations released by theCenter for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation that lowered target prices for episodes in the BPCI-A program, and which we believe have made the program unsustainable. The total cost of the restructuring plan is estimated to be approximately$25-$35 million and will consist of severance and related employee costs, contract termination fees and professional service fees as well as facility closure costs. We recorded restructuring expenses of$16.7 million during the three months and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , We expect the majority of the restructuring plan actions to be completed in 2022. There are approximately$85 million of annualized direct Episodes of Care Wind-down costs which will be eliminated. In addition, there are approximately$60 million of annualized shared costs currently allocated to the Episodes of Care Wind-down segment, of which we expect to eliminate approximately$30-$35 million in annualized costs by the end of 2022 as we wind down the Episodes of Care business. BPCI-A Reconciliation During the second quarter of 2022, we received a semiannual BPCI-A reconciliation from CMS. Within that reconciliation, CMS applied a negative retrospective price adjustment to the benchmark prices against which savings are measured for specific episodes under the BPCI-A program. Several BPCI-A participants, including us, disputed the price adjustment. Our dispute was based on independently collected price trend data that indicates a positive price adjustment should be applied and corresponds with inflation in the medical services industry. CMS subsequently recommended participants provide formal evidence of the pricing errors. We responded to the request inJuly 2022 , and upon receipt of our submission of the calculation error notice, CMS deemed the reconciliation period to remain open. As a result of the open reconciliation period and our view that the information presented in the reconciliation was not accurate, we did not change our revenue estimates upon receipt of the second quarter semiannual reconciliation and awaited further resolution or clarity of this matter. InOctober 2022 , we and other BPCI-A participants, received a memorandum from CMS providing a general response to questions raised related to the retrospective price adjustment as well as CMS' plans for the future of the BPCI-A program. CMS indicated it had reviewed its own calculations and did not find errors in how it applied them but at the same time acknowledged a lack of transparency and the use of non-public data and proposed to make changes to the pricing formulas in subsequent model years. Later inOctober 2022 , we received the required formal response to our calculation error notice submitted inJuly 2022 , reiterating that following a comprehensive review and referencing the aforementioned memorandum, CMS did not find any errors in its calculations. This response indicates CMS deems the original semiannual reconciliation provided inJune 2022 to be correct. We are in the process of appealing this decision, which will further delay CMS deeming the semiannual reconciliation final and the related cash flows. 54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Due to the formal response to our calculation error notice received from CMS inOctober 2022 in regard to the most recent semiannual reconciliation, we revised our revenue estimates related to the performance period included in that reconciliation as well as the subsequent two open performance periods. As a result, during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded a reversal of revenue previously recorded of$38.6 million ,$18.7 million and$6.9 million related to performance periods beginning inApril 2021 ,October 2021 andApril 2022 , respectively. Additionally, we considered the negative trend factor adjustment imposed by CMS in our revenue estimates for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . As a result of this negative adjustment, our revenue estimates are lower than they would have otherwise been and certain customers were in a negative overall revenue position for the performance period, and we therefore recorded expense of approximately$1.3 million included in Service expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Further changes in management's estimates, including a potential reversal of previously recorded revenue, could occur based on the outcome of the pending appeal process noted above and to the extent the final remaining semiannual reconciliations receive additional pricing adjustments. Additionally, as a result of the change in estimates and our withdrawal from the BPCI-A program, we reduced revenue by$12.2 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 related to administrative fee revenue recorded for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. As a result of the pricing adjustments imposed by CMS and our planned exit from the BPCI-A program, it is unlikely these amounts will be collected from the customers, as they generally would be paid out of savings earned. Since the final determination of the semiannual reconciliation is pending appeal and we did not receive the formal response to our calculation error notice until lateOctober 2022 , the recognition of accounts receivable for our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment as ofSeptember 30, 2022 has not yet occurred. Estimated revenue related to this reconciliation period continues to be included in contract assets with corresponding shared savings expenses included in contract liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . Historically, we received a final reconciliation in the second quarter of each year, thereby reducing the associated contract assets and recording accounts receivable for the amounts to be collected and reducing the corresponding contract liabilities and recording accounts payable for the amounts to be paid. Accordingly, the net cash collections from the delayed reconciliation, in addition to being significantly less than prior periods, will also deviate from historical cash collection seasonality trends. Separately, we have revised our estimates of the time it will take to substantially complete our performance obligations from 13 months to 9 months for the open performance period that began inApril 2022 as a result of our decision to wind down our Episodes of Care business. We expect our services and underlying performance obligations to be substantially satisfied by the end of 2022. This shorter period of time to complete our performance obligations resulted in approximately$1.8 million in additional revenue being recorded during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . The results of the initial reconciliation received in the second quarter of 2022 and the subsequent decision to exit the Episodes of Care business were determined to be an impairment triggering event for both long-lived intangible assets, including capitalized software, and goodwill. As such, we performed an asset recoverability test on the associated long-lived intangible assets and concluded the recoverability test failed and the estimated fair value was de minimis, resulting in a$66.7 million impairment of customer relationships and$26.5 million impairment of acquired and capitalized software for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Additionally, we completed an assessment of the goodwill of the Episodes of Care Wind-down reporting unit and determined the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value, resulting in a$426.7 million goodwill impairment during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . 55 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents Caravan Health Acquisition OnMarch 1, 2022 , we completed the acquisition ofCaravan Health for an initial purchase price of approximately$250.0 million , subject to certain customary adjustments, and included$190.0 million in cash and$60.0 million in our Class A common stock, comprised of 4,726,134 shares at$12.5993 per share, which represented the volume-weighted average price per share of our common stock for the five trading days ending three business days prior toMarch 1, 2022 . In connection with and concurrently with the entry into the Caravan Health Merger Agreement, we entered into support agreements with certain shareholders ofCaravan Health , pursuant to which such shareholders agreed that, other than according to the terms of their respective support agreement, they will not, subject to certain limited exceptions, transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of any Signify shares for a period of up to five years following closing of the merger. In addition to the initial purchase price, the transaction included contingent additional payments of up to$50.0 million based on certain future performance criteria ofCaravan Health , which if such criteria are met, may be paid in the second half of 2023. The fair value of the contingent consideration as of the acquisition date was estimated to be approximately$30.5 million , and was approximately$17.9 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . The contingent consideration is payable based on the achievement of certain performance criteria, one of which is revenue. Both performance criteria must be achieved for any payment to be due. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , the estimated fair value of contingent consideration decreased as the likelihood of the defined revenue criteria being achieved decreased primarily due to the lower estimated revenue for 2022 due to new information received from CMS during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . See "-Results of Operations." During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , per the terms of the Caravan Health Merger Agreement we calculated the final net working capital adjustment to the initial purchase price resulting in an additional$0.9 million cash consideration due to the sellers. This additional amount due is primarily related to adjustments of the estimated contract assets based on the final reconciliation received from CMS for the 2021 performance periods and updated income tax estimates. We expect to pay the additional cash consideration in the fourth quarter of 2022. As part of theCaravan Health acquisition, we assigned preliminary values to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based upon their fair values at the acquisition date. We acquired$93.9 million of intangible assets, consisting primarily of customer relationships of$69.8 million (10-year useful life), acquired technology of$23.4 million (5-year useful life) and a tradename of$0.7 million (3-year useful life), which we also expect will increase our amortization expense in future periods. As a result of theCaravan Health acquisition, we also recorded$199.7 million in goodwill, which represented the amount by which the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired. Pro forma results of operations related to this acquisition have not been presented as the acquisition did not meet the prescribed significance tests set forth in Regulation S-X requiring such disclosure. The financial results ofCaravan Health have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements since the date of the acquisition. Due to the above factors, and in particular the increase in amortization expense, our results of operations for periods subsequent to the acquisition are not directly comparable to our results of operations for the periods prior to the acquisition date.
Segment Realignment
Operating segments are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by our Chief Operating Decision Maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing financial performance. OnJuly 7, 2022 , we announced our plans to exit our Episodes of Care business, excluding 56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of ContentsCaravan Health , see "-Episodes of Care Restructuring" above. As a result of this announcement and the underlying strategic shift of the business, the structure of the internal organization changed in a manner that resulted in a new composition of our reportable segments.The Caravan Health business and the acquired solutions are now integrated with our overall business operations and total cost of care solutions suite offered to customers. Furthermore, the decision to exit our Episodes of Care business fundamentally altered the economics of that business that we are in the process of winding down. Therefore, management views our operating performance in two reportable segments: Home & Community Services, which now includes the acquiredCaravan Health , and Episodes of Care Wind-down.
The change in our reportable segments described above did not impact prior year,
as we did not acquire
IHE volume
During the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we completed and sent to customers approximately 0.61 million and 1.80 million IHEs, including vIHEs, respectively, compared to 0.49 million and 1.44 million IHEs in the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , respectively. In 2022, the higher IHE volume was driven by increased customer demand partially offset during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 by certain vendor technology issues and to a lesser extent severe weather.
Equity-based compensation expense
OnMarch 1, 2022 , our Board approved amendments to certain outstanding equity award agreements, subject to performance-based vesting criteria. The equity awards were amended with an effective date ofMarch 7, 2022 , and included 3,572,469 outstanding LLC Incentive Units and 817,081 outstanding stock options. The amendments added an alternative two-year service-vesting condition to the performance-vesting criteria, which, through the effective date of the amendment, were considered not probable of occurring and, therefore, we had not previously recorded any expense related to these awards. The amended equity awards will now vest based on the satisfaction of the earlier to occur of 1) a two year service condition, with 50% vesting in each ofMarch 2023 andMarch 2024 or 2) the achievement of the original performance vesting criteria. As a result of this amendment, which results in vesting that is considered probable of occurring, we began to record equity-based compensation expense for these amended equity awards inMarch 2022 . The equity-based compensation expense related to these amended awards is based on the fair value as of the effective date of the amended equity awards and will be recorded over the two year service period. The total fair value onMarch 7, 2022 , the amendment effective date, based on a Black-Scholes value of$8.49 , was$6.9 million for theMarch 2022 amended stock options as described above, of which we recorded$2.0 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . As a result of these amendments, there are no longer any stock options outstanding that are subject only to performance-based vesting conditions that are not probable of occurring. The total fair value on the amendment date for theMarch 2022 amended LLC Incentive Units was based on the closing stock price on the amendment date of$14.19 , resulting in total fair value of$50.7 million , of which we recorded$13.6 million in equity-based compensation expense during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Subsequent to these amendments, as ofSeptember 30, 2022 , there are 1,329,280 LLC Incentive Units that remain outstanding that are subject only to performance-based vesting conditions that are not probable of occurring. 57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Additionally, inMarch 2022 , our Board and theCompensation & Talent Committee approved an annual long-term incentive plan equity grant (the "2022 Annual LTIP Equity Grant") to certain employees. A total of 2,677,979 restricted stock units and 4,059,520 stock options with an exercise price of$14.19 were granted as part of this 2022 Annual LTIP Equity Grant. All awards granted as part of the 2022 Annual LTIP Equity Grant vest equally over four years. Total grant date fair value related to the 2022 Annual LTIP Equity Grant was$68.8 million and will be recorded as equity-based compensation expense over the four year service period beginning inMarch 2022 . As a result of theMarch 2022 amendments to equity awards with performance-based vesting criteria and the 2022 Annual LTIP Equity Grant, our total equity-based compensation expense is expected to be significantly higher in 2022 and beyond as compared to historical periods.
Adoption of new accounting pronouncement – Leases
InFebruary 2016 , the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842) which requires lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and lease liability. We adopted this new guidance as ofJanuary 1, 2022 and applied the transition option, whereby prior comparative periods will not be retrospectively presented in the consolidated financial statements. We elected the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs and the lessee practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for all asset classes. We made a policy election to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all asset classes. See Note 8 Leases to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements covered under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details. Upon adoption onJanuary 1, 2022 , we recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of$23.0 million and$35.6 million , respectively. The difference between the right-of-use asset and lease liability primarily represents the net book value of deferred rent and tenant improvement allowances recognized as ofDecember 31, 2021 , which was adjusted against the right-of-use asset upon adoption.
Non-controlling interest
The non-controlling interest ownership percentage changes as new shares of Class A common stock are issued and LLC units are exchanged for our Class A common stock. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , the change in the non-controlling interest percentage was primarily driven by the shares issued in connection with theCaravan Health acquisition as well as exchanges of LLC units into Class A common stock. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we held approximately 75.6% of Cure TopCo's outstanding LLC Units and the remaining LLC Units of Cure TopCo are held by the Continuing Pre-IPO LLC Members.
Components of our results of operations
Components of results of operations including revenue, operating expenses and other expense, net are described in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Below is an update to the components of results of operations.
Revenue
We have entered into EAR agreements and a separate letter agreement (the "EAR Letter Agreement") with one of our customers in our Home & Community Services segment. Revenue generated under the underlying customer contracts includes an estimated reduction in the transaction price for IHEs associated with the initial grant date fair value of the outstanding customer EAR agreements and EAR Letter Agreement. The total grant date fair value of the outstanding EAR agreements was$51.8 million and is being recorded against revenue over their 58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents respective performance periods, both of which end inDecember 2022 . The grant date fair value of the EAR Letter Agreement was estimated to be$76.2 million and will be recorded as a reduction of revenue throughJune 30, 2026 , coinciding with the service period as follows:$6.3 million in 2022,$20.0 million in 2023,$20.0 million in 2024,$19.9 million in 2025 and$10.0 million in 2026. See "-Liquidity and capital resources-Customer Equity Appreciation Rights Agreements." Our subsidiary,Caravan Health , enters into contracts with customers to provide multiple services around the management of the ACO model. These include, among others, population health software, analytics, practice improvement, compliance, marketing, governance, surveys and licensing. The overall objective of the services provided is to help the customer receive shared savings from CMS.Caravan Health enters into arrangements with customers wherein we receive a contracted percentage of each customer's portion of shared savings if earned. We recognize shared savings revenue as performance obligations are satisfied over time, commensurate with the recurring ACO services provided to the customer over a 12-month calendar year period. The shared savings transaction price is variable, and therefore, we estimate an amount we expect to receive for each 12-month calendar year performance obligation period. In order to estimate this variable consideration, management initially uses estimates of historical performance of the ACOs. We consider inputs such as attributed patients, expenditures, benchmarks and inflation factors. We adjust our estimates at the end of each reporting period to the extent new information indicates a change is warranted. We apply a constraint to the variable consideration estimate in circumstances where we believe the data received is incomplete or inconsistent, so as not to have the estimates result in a significant revenue reversal in future periods. Although our estimates are based on the information available to us at each reporting date, new and material information may cause actual revenue earned to differ from the estimates recorded each period. These include, among others, Hierarchical Conditional Category ("HCC") coding information, quarterly reports from CMS with information on the aforementioned inputs, unexpected changes in attributed patients and other limitations of the program beyond our control. We receive final reconciliations from CMS and collect the cash related to shared savings earned annually in the third or fourth quarter of each year for the preceding calendar year. The remaining sources ofCaravan Health revenue in our Home & Community Services segment are recognized over time when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied and are primarily based on a fixed fee or per member per month fee. Therefore, they do not require significant estimates and assumptions by management. See "-Critical accounting policies-Revenue recognition."
Results of operations for the three months ended
The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021. A discussion of the results by each of our two operating segments, Home & Community Services and Episodes of Care Wind-down, follows the discussion of our consolidated results. 59 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented: Three months ended September 30, % Change 2022 2021 2022 v 2021 (in millions) Revenue $ 139.8$ 199.2 (29.8) % Operating expenses: Service expense 123.3 100.4 22.9 % Selling, general and administrative expense 58.6 65.8 (10.9) % Transaction-related expense 9.6 2.9 232.9 % Restructuring expense 16.7 - NM Asset impairment 3.3 - NM Depreciation and amortization 14.7 17.6 (16.5) % Total operating expenses 226.2 186.7 21.2 % (Loss) income from operations (86.4) 12.5 (793.0) % Interest expense 6.0 4.2 44.8 % Other expense (income) 181.1 (27.4) (760.9) % Other expense (income), net 187.1 (23.2) (904.5) % (Loss) income before income taxes (273.5) 35.7 NM Income tax (benefit) expense (48.5) 6.4 NM Net (loss) income (225.0) 29.3 NM Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest (66.0) 9.1 NM Net (loss) income attributable to Signify Health, Inc. $ (159.0)$ 20.2 NM Revenue Our total revenue was$139.8 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$59.4 million , or 29.8%, from$199.2 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was primarily driven by a$97.8 million decrease in revenue from our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment offset by a$38.4 million increase in revenue from our Home & Community Services segment. See "-Segment results" below.
Operating expenses
Our total operating expenses were$226.2 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$39.5 million , or 21.2%, from$186.7 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was driven by the following: •Service expense - Our total service expense was$123.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$22.9 million , or 22.9%, from$100.4 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by expenses related to our network of providers, which increased by$15.7 million , driven by overall higher IHE volume . Compensation-related expenses increased by$4.6 million primarily driven by additional headcount including the incremental employees retained as part of theCaravan Health acquisition and higher benefits expense. Equity-based compensation expense increased by$0.7 million primarily due to additional equity grants and the amendment of awards 60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents with performance-based vesting to include a time-based vesting condition. As a result of the negative BPCI-A trend factor adjustment, certain customers were in a negative overall revenue position for the performance period, and we therefore recorded expense of approximately$1.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Additionally, other variable costs increased$0.6 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 primarily driven by increased IHE volume. •Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense - Our total SG&A expense was$58.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$7.2 million , or 10.9%, from$65.8 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was primarily driven by a gain of$17.5 million in the remeasurement of contingent consideration in 2022 related to potential payments due upon the completion of certain performance targets in connection with our acquisition ofCaravan Health inMarch 2022 . The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration decreased primarily due to the lower shared savings estimates forCaravan Health . Additionally, there was a decrease of$3.8 million in professional fees and a decrease of$0.8 million in other variable costs. These decreases were offset by an increase in equity-based compensation expense, which was higher by$9.3 million primarily due to additional equity grants and the amendment of awards with performance-based vesting to include a time-based vesting condition. Compensation-related expenses increased by$1.5 million due to additional headcount to support the overall growth in our Home & Community Services business including the incremental employees retained as part of theCaravan Health acquisition and higher benefits costs. Additionally, information technology-related expenses, including infrastructure and software costs increased$2.1 million , facilities-related expense increased$1.5 million primarily due to the early exit of certain locations in connection with our approved restructuring activities due to the wind-down of our Episodes of Care business and employee travel and entertainment expenses increased$0.5 million as COVID-19 imposed travel restrictions eased. •Transaction-related expenses - Our total transaction-related expenses were$9.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$6.7 million , or 232.9%, from$2.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . In 2022, the transaction-related expenses primarily related to consulting, professional services expenses and employee related costs in connection with the pending Merger and certain integration-related expenses, including compensation expenses and consulting and other professional services expenses, following theCaravan Health acquisition. In 2021, the transaction-related expenses consisted primarily of consulting and other professional services expenses incurred in connection with our IPO and general corporate development activities, including potential acquisitions that did not proceed. •Restructuring expenses - Our total restructuring expenses were$16.7 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . We did not have any restructuring expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The restructuring expense in 2022 includes severance and related employee costs, contract termination fees and professional services fees due to the wind-down of our Episodes of Care business. •Asset impairment - Our total asset impairment was$3.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . We did not record an asset impairment for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The loss on asset impairment in 2022 was related to our decision to end our community service offering and therefore the carrying value of the underlying intangible assets exceeded the estimated fair value as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . The loss on asset impairment included a$0.3 million impairment of customer relationships and$3.0 million impairment of acquired technology. •Depreciation and amortization - Our total depreciation and amortization expense was$14.7 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$2.9 million , or 16.5%, from$17.6 61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily driven by a net decrease in amortization expense of$3.5 million , primarily due to asset impairments over the past year and certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in 2021, partially offset by additional capital expenditures related to internally-developed software over the past year and the$93.9 million in intangible assets acquired in connection with theCaravan Health acquisition inMarch 2022 . The decrease in amortization expense was partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense of$0.6 million , primarily driven by additional capital expenditures over the past year.
Other expense, net
Other expense, net total was$187.1 million expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$210.3 million from$23.2 million in income for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Interest expense was$6.0 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$1.8 million from$4.2 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by higher overall interest rates partially offset by the lower outstanding principal balance following ourJune 2021 refinancing of the 2021 Credit Agreement. Other (income) expense was$181.1 million expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$208.5 million from$27.4 million in income for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was primarily driven by the remeasurement of the fair value of the outstanding customer EAR liabilities, which resulted in an unrealized loss of$182.6 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$209.9 million from income of$27.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The fair value of the outstanding customer EAR liabilities increased due to our higher equity value and a revised estimate of time to liquidity as a result of the pending Merger. This decrease was partially offset by a$1.4 million increase in interest income earned on higher excess cash balances and rising interest rates during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Income tax (benefit) expense Income tax benefit was$48.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$54.9 million from$6.4 million income tax expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The effective tax rate for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was 17.7% compared to 18.0% for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The effective tax rate in 2022 is lower than the statutory federal and state income tax rate of approximately 25% primarily due to nondeductible goodwill impairment and change in valuation allowance.
Segment results
We evaluate the performance of each of our two operating segments based on segment revenue and segment adjusted EBITDA. Service expense for each segment is based on direct expenses associated with the revenue generating activities of each segment. We allocate SG&A expenses to each segment primarily based on the relative proportion of direct employees. 62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents The following table summarizes our segment revenue, segment adjusted EBITDA and the percentage of total consolidated revenue and consolidated adjusted EBITDA, respectively, for the periods presented: Three months ended September 30, % Change 2022 % of Total 2021 % of Total 2022 v 2021 (in millions) Revenue Home & Community Services Evaluations$ 202.3 144.7 %$ 167.1 83.9 % 21.1 % Value-based Care Services 4.6 3.3 % - - % N.M. Other 0.6 0.4 % 2.0 1.0 % (69.3) % Total Home & Community Services revenue 207.5 148.4 % 169.1 84.9 % 22.8 % Episodes of Care Wind-down Episodes (69.9) (50.0) % 27.8 14.0 % (351.0) % Other 2.2 1.7 % 2.3 1.2 % (3.6) % Total Episodes of Care Wind-down revenue (67.7) (48.4) % 30.1 15.1 % (324.4) % Segment Adjusted EBITDA Home & Community Services 60.1 NM 49.9 NM 20.6 % Episodes of Care Wind-down (98.3) NM (7.9) NM NM Home & Community Services revenue was$207.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$38.4 million , or 22.8%, from$169.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by Evaluations revenue, which increased by$35.2 million . The higher Evaluations revenue was driven by increased IHE volume and a slightly lower proportion of IHEs conducted as vIHEs, which are performed at a lower price per evaluation compared to in-person IHEs. Evaluations revenue included a reduction associated with the grant date fair value of the outstanding customer EARs and EAR Letter Agreement of$6.5 million and$5.0 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue for Value-based Care Services increased$4.6 million due to theCaravan Health acquisition inMarch 2022 . We recorded a$5.7 million reduction to Value-Based Care Services revenue for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as we reduced our estimates of shared savings for the 2022 plan year based on new information received from CMS during the third quarter of 2022. The new data included updated historical benchmarks that were lower than our expectations primarily due to the lingering after effects of COVID-19 and updated spend information for the fourth quarter of 2021 compared to the fourth quarter of 2020. The inflationary trend CMS applies to the benchmark expenditures for ACOs in their initial agreement period included a calculation of national and regional spend for a twelve month period. When CMS initially reported the benchmark expenditure data earlier this year, data from the fourth quarter of 2020 was used rather than the fourth quarter of 2021 data, as the full year 2021 data was not yet available. The historical benchmark expenditures are now locked for the existing ACOs and will not be rebased until each ACO enters its next agreement period. For ACOs originated in 2022, this means that the historical benchmark expenditures will not be rebased until 2027. Other revenue decreased by$1.4 million , primarily due to a decrease in revenue from our biopharmaceutical services which we exited in 2021 and standalone sales of our social determinants of health community product. Episodes of Care Wind-down revenue was$(67.7) million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$97.8 million , from$30.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was primarily driven by$97.7 million in lower 63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Episodes revenue due to the negative impact of CMS imposed pricing adjustments resulting in lower estimates and the reversal of revenue previously recorded. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -BPCI-A Reconciliation". Other revenue decreased$0.1 million in 2022, primarily driven by lower membership in our complex care management services product offering. Home & Community Services Adjusted EBITDA was$60.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$10.2 million , or 20.6%, from$49.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by the increase in revenue described above, partially offset by higher operating expenses as a result of the variable costs associated with increased volume, the acquisition ofCaravan Health , and the investments to support our growth and technology. Episodes of Care Wind-down Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of$98.3 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$90.4 million , or 1138.3%, from a loss of$7.9 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase in the loss was primarily driven by the lower Episodes revenue described above partially offset by the cost savings impact of the Episodes of Care Wind-down restructuring.
Results of operations for the nine months ended
The following is a discussion of our consolidated results of operations for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021. A discussion of the results by each of our two operating segments, Home & Community Services and Episodes of Care Wind-down, follows the discussion of our consolidated results. 64 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented: Nine months ended September 30, % Change 2022 2021 2022 v 2021 (in millions) Revenue 602.5 592.0 1.8 % Operating expenses: Service expense 365.5 303.0 20.7 % Selling, general and administrative expense 213.3 188.0 13.5 % Transaction-related expense 14.5 9.5 52.0 % Restructuring expense 16.7 - NM Asset impairment 523.2 - NM Depreciation and amortization 52.8 51.6 2.4 % Total operating expenses 1,186.0 552.1 114.8 % (Loss) income from operations (583.5) 39.9 NM Interest expense 14.6 17.5 (16.8) % Loss on extinguishment of debt - 5.0 NM Other expense 182.5 43.6 318.3 % Other expense, net 197.1 66.1 198.2 % Loss before income taxes (780.6) (26.2) NM Income tax benefit (49.3) (3.7) NM Net loss $ (731.3)$ (22.5) NM Net loss attributable to pre-Reorganization period - (17.2) NM Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest (190.9) (2.3) NM Net loss attributable to Signify Health, Inc. $ (540.4)$ (3.0) NM Revenue Our total revenue was$602.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$10.5 million , or 1.8%, from$592.0 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by a$124.9 million increase in revenue from our Home & Community Services segment offset by a$114.4 million decrease in revenue from our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment. See "-Segment results" below.
Operating expenses
Our total operating expenses were$1,186.0 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$633.9 million , or 114.8%, from$552.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was driven by the following: •Service expense - Our total service expense was$365.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$62.5 million , or 20.7%, from$303.0 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by expenses related to our network of providers, which increased by$35.4 million as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , driven by the 65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents overall higher IHE volume as well as a higher mix of in-person IHEs compared to vIHEs, which have a lower cost per evaluation. Compensation-related expenses increased by$19.4 million , primarily driven by additional headcount, including the incremental employees retained as part of theCaravan Health acquisition and higher benefits expense. Equity-based compensation increased$1.1 million primarily due to additional equity grants and the amendment of awards with performance-based vesting to include a time-based vesting condition. As a result of the negative BPCI-A trend factor adjustment, certain customers were in a negative overall revenue position for the performance period, and we therefore recorded expense of approximately$1.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Additionally, the following expenses increased during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , primarily driven by the overall higher IHE volume:$3.2 million in other variable costs;$1.5 million in the costs of providing other diagnostic and preventive services, including certain laboratory and testing fees;$1.0 million in member outreach services and other related expenses, and$1.0 million in travel related costs. The impact of COVID-19 was less in 2022, resulting in a decrease of approximately$1.4 million in pandemic-related expenses during 2022 as compared to 2021, including lower costs related to COVID-19 tests for our providers and lower costs for personal protective equipment used by our providers while conducting IHEs. •Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense - Our total SG&A expense was$213.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$25.3 million , or 13.5%, from$188.0 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by equity-based compensation which increased$23.2 million primarily due to additional equity grants and the amendment of awards with performance-based vesting to include a time-based vesting condition. Compensation-related expenses increased by$10.7 million due to additional headcount to support the overall growth in our business including the incremental employees retained as part of theCaravan Health acquisition and higher benefits costs. Additionally, information technology-related expenses, including infrastructure and software costs increased$4.9 million , employee travel and entertainment expenses increased$2.7 million as COVID-19 imposed travel restrictions eased, facilities related expenses increased$1.9 million primarily due to the early exit of certain locations in connection with our approved restructuring activities due to the wind-down of our Episodes of Care business and other variable costs increased$1.2 million . These increases were offset by a decrease of$14.8 million in the remeasurement of contingent consideration in 2022 related to potential payments due upon the completion of certain performance targets in connection with our acquisition ofCaravan Health inMarch 2022 . The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration decreased primarily due to the lowerCaravan Health shared savings estimates. Professional service fees also decreased$4.5 million in 2022. •Transaction-related expenses - Our total transaction-related expenses were$14.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$5.0 million , or 52.0%, from$9.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . In 2022, the transaction-related expenses consisted primarily of consulting, professional services expenses and employee related costs in connection with the pending Merger and consulting and other professional services incurred in connection with general corporate development activities, including theCaravan Health acquisition. In addition, transaction-related expenses in 2022 included certain integration-related expenses, including compensation expenses and consulting and other professional services expenses, following theCaravan Health acquisition. In 2021, the transaction-related expenses consisted primarily of consulting and other professional services, as well as compensation expenses, incurred in connection with our IPO and general corporate development activities, including potential acquisitions that did not proceed. •Restructuring expenses - Our total restructuring expenses were$16.7 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . We did not have any restructuring expenses for the nine months endedSeptember 30 , 66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents 2021. The restructuring expense in 2022 includes severance and related employee costs, contract termination fees and professional services fees due to the wind-down of our Episodes of Care business. •Asset impairment - Our total asset impairment was$523.2 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . We did not record an asset impairment for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The loss on asset impairment in 2022 was primarily related to our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment as the carrying value of the assets exceeded the estimated fair value. Additionally, we recorded a loss on impairment in connection with the decision to end our community service offering and therefore the carrying value of the underlying intangible assets exceeded the estimated fair value as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . The loss on asset impairment included a goodwill impairment of$426.7 million , a$66.9 million impairment of customer relationships and$29.6 million impairment of acquired and capitalized software. •Depreciation and amortization - Our total depreciation and amortization expense was$52.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$1.2 million , or 2.4%, from$51.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation expense of$0.9 million , primarily driven by additional capital expenditures over the past year. Additionally, there was a net increase in amortization expense of$0.3 million , primarily due to the$93.9 million in intangible assets acquired in connection with theCaravan Health acquisition inMarch 2022 and additional capital expenditures related to internally-developed software over the past year partially offset by asset impairments over the past year and certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in 2021.
Other expense, net
Other expense, net total was$197.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$131.0 million from$66.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Interest expense was$14.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$2.9 million from$17.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease was primarily driven by the lower outstanding term loan principal balance following ourJune 2021 refinancing of the 2021 Credit Agreement partially offset by higher overall interest rates.
In 2021, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of
connection with the
Other (income) expense was$182.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$138.9 million from$43.6 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by the remeasurement of the fair value of the outstanding customer EAR liabilities, which resulted in expense of$184.6 million for nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$140.6 million from expense of$44.0 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The fair value of the outstanding customer EAR liabilities increased due to our higher equity value and a revised estimate of the time to liquidity as a result of the pending Merger. This increase in net expense was partially offset by a$1.7 million increase in interest income earned on higher excess cash balances and rising interest rates during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Income tax benefit Income tax benefit was$49.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$45.6 million from an income tax benefit of$3.7 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The 67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents effective tax rate for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was 6.3% compared to 13.9% for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The effective tax rate in 2022 is lower than the statutory federal and state income tax rate of approximately 25% primarily due to nondeductible goodwill impairment, impact of non-controlling interest, and a change in valuation allowance.
Segment results
We evaluate the performance of each of our two operating segments based on segment revenue and segment adjusted EBITDA. Service expense for each segment is based on direct expenses associated with the revenue generating activities of each segment. We allocate SG&A expenses to each segment primarily based on the relative proportion of direct employees. The following table summarizes our segment revenue, segment adjusted EBITDA and the percentage of total consolidated revenue and consolidated adjusted EBITDA, respectively, for the periods presented: Nine months ended September 30, % Change 2022 % of Total 2021 % of Total 2022 v 2021 (in millions) Revenue Home & Community Services Evaluations$ 595.5 98.8 %$ 490.6 82.9 % 21.4 % Value-based Care Services 24.4 4.1 % - - % NM Other 1.9 0.3 % 6.3 1.1 % (70.0) % Total Home & Community Services revenue 621.8 103.2 % 496.9 83.9 % 25.2 % Episodes of Care Wind-down Episodes (26.0) (4.3) % 88.5 15.0 % (129.4) % Other 6.7 1.1 % 6.6 1.1 % 1.3 % Total Episodes of Care Wind-down revenue (19.3) (3.2) % 95.1 16.1 % (120.3) % Segment Adjusted EBITDA Home & Community Services 189.9 NM 146.8 NM 29.4 % Episodes of Care Wind-down (120.5) NM (15.8) NM NM Home & Community Services revenue was$621.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$124.9 million , or 25.2%, from$496.9 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by Evaluations revenue, which increased by$104.9 million . The higher Evaluations revenue was driven by increased IHE volume and a reduction in the proportion of IHEs conducted as vIHEs, which are performed at a lower price per evaluation compared to in-person IHEs. Evaluations revenue included a reduction associated with the grant date fair value of the outstanding customer EARs and EAR Letter Agreement of$19.5 million and$14.8 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue for Value-based Care Services increased$24.4 million due to theCaravan Health acquisition. Other revenue decreased by$4.4 million , primarily due to a decrease in revenue from our biopharmaceutical services which we exited in 2021 and standalone sales of our social determinants of health community product. Episodes of Care Wind-down revenue was$(19.3) million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing a decrease of$114.4 million , from$95.1 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , was primarily driven by a decrease of$114.5 million 68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents in lower Episodes revenue due to the negative impact of CMS imposed pricing adjustments resulting in lower savings estimates and the reversal of revenue previously recorded. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -BPCI-A Reconciliation". Other revenue increased$0.1 million in 2022 primarily driven by higher membership in our complex care management services product offering. Home & Community Services Adjusted EBITDA was$189.9 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase of$43.1 million , or 29.4%, from$146.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increase was primarily driven by the increase in revenue described above partially offset by higher operating expenses as a result of the variable costs associated with increased volume, the acquisition ofCaravan Health , and investments to support our growth and technology. Episodes of Care Wind-down Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of$120.5 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , representing an increase in loss of$104.7 million , from a loss of$15.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This increased loss was primarily driven by the lower Episodes revenue described above, partially offset by the impact of the Episodes of Care Wind-down restructuring.
Liquidity and capital resources
Liquidity describes our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of our business operations, including working capital needs to meet operating expenses, debt service, acquisitions when pursued and other commitments and contractual obligations. We consider liquidity in terms of cash flows from operations and their sufficiency to fund our operating and investing activities. Our primary sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under our 2021 Credit Agreement, including borrowing capacity under our Revolving Facility (as defined below). As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of$461.6 million . Our total indebtedness was$346.5 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . InJune 2021 , we entered into a credit agreement with a secured lender syndicate (the "2021 Credit Agreement"). The 2021 Credit Agreement includes a term loan of$350.0 million (the "2021 Term Loan") and a revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Facility") with a$185.0 million borrowing capacity. See Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation -Liquidity and capital resources -Indebtedness" in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we had available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Facility of$172.8 million , as the borrowing capacity is reduced by outstanding letters of credit of$12.2 million . InJuly 2022 , S&P upgraded our corporate credit rating, which in accordance with the terms of the 2021 Credit Agreement, reduced our applicable interest rate by 25 basis points, effectiveJuly 2022 . However, rising interest rates have offset this reduction. Our principal liquidity needs are working capital and general corporate expenses, debt service, capital expenditures, obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, income taxes, acquisitions and other investments to help achieve our growth strategy. InMarch 2022 , we acquiredCaravan Health , using approximately$189.6 million in cash, net of the cash acquired fromCaravan Health . We expect to pay an additional$0.9 million to the sellers ofCaravan Health in the fourth quarter 2022 related to the working capital adjustment as defined in the purchase agreement. In addition, we issued approximately$60.0 million of our Class A common stock, comprised of 4,726,134 shares at$12.5993 per share, which represented the volume-weighted average price per share of our common stock for the five trading days ending three business days prior toMarch 1, 2022 . Under the terms of the Caravan Health Merger Agreement, there could be a contingent payment made to the sellers ofCaravan Health in 2023 of up to$50 million if certain milestones are achieved. 69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Payment of the outstanding customer EAR liabilities would be triggered by the consummation of the Merger, which we expect to occur within the next 12 months. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -Pending Acquisition." As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the total estimated fair value of the outstanding EAR agreements was$278.1 million . Our capital expenditures for property and equipment to support growth in the business were$6.5 million and$3.7 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. OnJuly 7, 2022 , our Board approved a restructuring plan to wind down our Episodes of Care segment. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -Episodes of Care Wind-down Restructuring." The total cost of the restructuring plan is estimated to be approximately$25-$35 million and will consist of severance and related employee costs, contract termination fees and professional service fees as well as facility closure costs. We expect the majority of the restructuring plan actions to be completed in 2022. Our liquidity has historically fluctuated on a quarterly basis due to our agreements with CMS under the BPCI-A program and will be further impacted due to our planned exit of the BPCI-A program and wind down of our Episodes of Care business. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -Episodes of Care Wind-down Restructuring and -Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -BPCI-A Reconciliation." Cash receipts generated under these contracts, which represents the majority of revenue in our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment, are subject to a semiannual reconciliation cycle, which historically occurred in the second and fourth quarters of each year. Cash receipts under these contracts were typically received in the quarter subsequent to the receipt of the reconciliation, or during the first and third quarters of each year, which has and will continue to cause our liquidity position to fluctuate from quarter to quarter until our exit is complete when these will no longer be sources of cash. Due to our dispute of the pricing adjustment in the semiannual reconciliation received from CMS during the second quarter 2022 and now our appeal, the cash we typically would have received in the third quarter 2022 has been delayed until CMS issues a final reconciliation. Further, if we are not successful in our appeal of the reconciliation results initially received inJune 2022 from CMS and confirmed by CMS inOctober 2022 , we expect our cash receipts for the remaining semi-annual reconciliation periods would be lower than we have received historically. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -BPCI-A Reconciliation". In addition,Caravan Health's participation in the CMS MSSP ACO program will also result in fluctuations in liquidity from period to period, as this is a calendar year program, with annual shared savings reconciled and distributed approximately nine months after the calendar year program ends. For example, we received the shared savings funds from CMS in the fourth quarter of 2022 related to the 2021 ACO plan year and expect to receive the 2022 ACO plan year shared savings in the third or fourth quarter of 2023. Our Home & Community Services segment historically experienced seasonality patterns in IHE volume as described in Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -Factors affecting our results of operations" in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We did experience a higher IHE volume during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter 2022 and expect a historical seasonality trend to continue to occur during 2022 with higher second half IHE volume, thus creating a seasonality effect on liquidity. Additionally, liquidity in our Home & Community Services segment was temporarily impacted by delayed collections during the first half of 2022 from certain clients where we are experiencing significant expansion. We experienced improved collections during the third quarter of 2022 as we worked with our clients to resolve some of the temporary delays. In our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment, the negative price adjustments and to a lesser extent the ongoing negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and CMS' response to the pandemic, have impacted the semiannual 70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents reconciliations we receive and the subsequent cash receipts since late 2020. We expect to receive lower cash payments from CMS for reconciliations received in 2022 as compared to the reconciliations received prior to the pandemic. Additionally, in 2021, CMS announced a change to the period in which they will pay funds related to expirations. This change resulted in a delayed payment for one period, which had a temporary adverse impact on the cash received in the first quarter of 2022 following the receipt of our semiannual reconciliation during the fourth quarter of 2021. Further, as discussed in "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting our Results of Operations-BPCI-A Reconciliation" above, the semiannual reconciliation initially received in the second quarter of 2022 was not deemed final as we have disputed and now appealed the pricing calculation. Accordingly, the cash receipts, which we historically would have received in the third quarter, have been delayed until CMS issues a final reconciliation. In the first quarter of 2022, we announced we are developing a technology center in Galway,Ireland where we intend to employ software engineers and other employees to support our operations inthe United States . This will be our first international expansion, which will require capital funding and expose us to currency risk. We believe that our cash flow from operations, capacity under our Revolving Facility and available cash and cash equivalents on hand will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months. We anticipate that to the extent that we require additional liquidity, it will be funded through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, the issuance of additional equity, or a combination thereof. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain this additional liquidity on reasonable terms, or at all. Additionally, our liquidity and our ability to meet our obligations and fund our capital requirements are also dependent on our future financial performance, which is subject to general economic, financial and other factors that are beyond our control. See "-Item 1A. Risk factors." Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available from additional indebtedness or otherwise to meet our liquidity needs. If we decide to pursue one or more significant acquisitions, we may incur additional debt or sell or issue additional equity to finance such acquisitions, which could possibly result in additional expenses or dilution.
Comparative cash flows
The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 2021 (in millions) Net cash provided by operating activities $ 23.3$ 123.4 Net cash used in investing activities (216.3) (26.2) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (0.2) 511.7
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and
restricted cash
(193.2) 608.9
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of
year
684.2 77.0
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period $ 491.0
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was
of
71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Net loss was$731.3 million in 2022, as compared to a net loss of$22.5 million in 2021. The increase in net loss was primarily due to the impairment of goodwill and certain intangible assets related to our decision to wind down our Episodes of Care segment restructuring and the reduced estimates of shared savings revenue under the BPCI-A program partially offset by revenue growth in our Home & Community Services segment. Non-cash items were$758.7 million in 2022 as compared to$120.5 million in 2021. The increase in non-cash net expense items included in net loss was primarily driven by the impairment of goodwill and certain intangible assets related to our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment and the remeasurement of customer equity appreciation rights driven by changes in relative value of our stock price in 2022 compared to 2021 as well as the pending Merger. Changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in a cash decrease of$4.1 million in 2022, as compared to a cash increase of$27.3 million in 2021. The change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by a net decrease in accounts receivable of$37.4 million in 2022 compared to a net decrease in accounts receivable of$101.4 million in 2021. Accounts receivable for our Home & Community Services segment increased$41.3 million in 2022 compared to a$48.7 million increase in 2021. The increase in accounts receivable in 2022 was primarily driven by higher IHE volume in 2022. Collections improved significantly in the third quarter of 2022 compared to earlier in 2022. Accounts receivable for our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment decreased$77.1 million in 2022 compared to a$150.1 million decrease in 2021. The lower accounts receivable in the Episodes of Care Wind-down segment in 2022 as compared to 2021 was primarily driven by the impact of the dispute and subsequent appeal of the semiannual BPCI-A reconciliation. As discussed in "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting our Results of Operations-BPCI-A Reconciliation" above, the semiannual reconciliation initially received in the second quarter of 2022 was not deemed final as we disputed the pricing calculation. Accordingly, no amounts related to this reconciliation period were included in accounts receivable atSeptember 30, 2022 and the cash receipts, which we historically would have received in the third quarter of 2022, have been delayed until CMS issues a final reconciliation. The net impact of changes in net contract assets and liabilities during 2022 was a$7.8 million increase in cash flows as compared to a$39.6 million decrease in cash flows in 2021. The decrease in net contract assets in 2022 was primarily driven by the negative pricing adjustments imposed by CMS on the most recent reconciliation for the BPCI-A program at the end of the second quarter of 2022, changes in the estimate of variable consideration generated under the MSSP ACO program partially offset by an increase in a contract asset related to variable consideration for a customer in our Home & Community Services segment with a discount over the contract term. In 2022, we also funded approximately$6.3 million in the MSSP ACO repayment mechanism on behalf of our customers in order to meet the funding deadlines ahead of the return of certain funds from prior period repayment mechanisms. We expect to receive this back from our customers by the end of 2022.
Accounts receivable, contract assets and contract liabilities fluctuate from
period to period as a result of periodically slower client collections,
particularly in our Home & Community Services segment as we and our clients
reconcile claims and resolve any temporary claims processing delays and the
results of the semiannual reconciliations in our Episodes of Care Wind-down
segment.
Investing activities Net cash used in investing activities was$216.3 million in 2022, an increase of$190.1 million , compared to net cash used in investing activities of$26.2 million in 2021. The primary use of cash from investing activities in 2022 was the cash consideration, net of cash acquired, for theCaravan Health acquisition of$190.5 million , which includes$0.9 million expected to be paid in the fourth quarter of 2022. Capital expenditures for property and 72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents equipment were$6.5 million in 2022 compared to$3.7 million in 2021. The$2.8 million increase in capital expenditures for property and equipment was primarily driven by computer equipment purchases. Capital expenditures for internal-use software development were$19.0 million in 2022 compared to$17.1 million in 2021. The$1.9 million increase in capital expenditures for internal-use software development was primarily driven by additional investments in our technology platforms to support future growth. Investing activities also included a$0.3 million equity investment inAloeCare Health in 2022 and a$5.0 million equity investment in Medalogix in 2021.
Financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities was$0.2 million in 2022, a decrease of$511.9 million , compared to net cash provided by financing activities of$511.7 million in 2021. The use of cash in 2022 was primarily due to$6.7 million in tax distributions on behalf of the non-controlling interest and scheduled principal payments under our 2021 Credit Agreement of$2.6 million . Financing activities also includes the proceeds of$9.6 million related to the issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options in 2022. The primary source of cash from financing activities in 2021 was$604.8 million in net proceeds from our IPO after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other issuance costs. Additionally, we received$2.7 million in proceeds related to the issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options. These cash inflows in 2021 were partially offset by the net reduction in long-term debt of$61.5 million in connection with theJune 2021 refinancing of our credit agreement as well as scheduled principal payments on long-term debt of$1.0 million . Additionally, we paid approximately$9.2 million in debt issuance costs in connection with theJune 2021 refinancing,$13.1 million related to the completion of the first milestone associated with the 2020 PatientBlox acquisition and$10.4 million in tax distributions on behalf of the non-controlling interest.
Customer Equity Appreciation Rights (“EAR”) Agreements
In each ofDecember 2019 andSeptember 2020 , we entered into EAR agreements with one of our customers. Pursuant to the agreements, certain revenue targets were established for the customer to meet in the next three years. If they meet those targets, they retain the EAR. If they do not meet such targets, they forfeit all or a portion of the EAR. Each EAR agreement allows the customer to participate in the future growth in the fair market value of our equity and can only be settled in cash (or, under certain circumstances, in whole or in part with a replacement agreement containing substantially similar economic terms as the original EAR agreement) upon a change-in-control of us, other liquidity event, or upon approval of our Board with the consent ofNew Mountain Capital subject to certain terms and conditions. Each EAR will expire 20 years from the date of grant, if not previously settled. Pursuant to the terms of the EAR agreements, the value of the EARs will be calculated as an amount equal to the non-forfeited portion of a defined percentage (3.5% in the case of theDecember 2019 EAR and 4.5% in the case of theSeptember 2020 EAR) of the excess of (i) the aggregate fair market value of the Reference Equity (as defined below) as of the applicable date of determination over (ii) a base threshold equity value defined in each agreement. Pursuant to the terms of each agreement, the "Reference Equity" is the Class A common stock of the Company and the aggregate fair market value of the Reference Equity will be determined by reference to the volume-weighted average trading price of the Company's Class A common stock (assuming all of the holders of LLC Units redeemed or exchanged their LLC Units for a corresponding number of newly issued shares of Class A common stock) over a period of 30 calendar days. In addition, following the IPO, the base threshold equity value set forth in each agreement was increased by the aggregate offering price of the IPO. OnDecember 31, 2021 , we entered into an amendment of theDecember 2019 EAR and theSeptember 2020 EAR (collectively, the "EAR Amendments"). The EAR Amendments provide, among other things, that the customer may exercise any unexercised, vested and non-forfeited portion of each EAR upon the sale of our Class A common 73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents stock byNew Mountain Capital , our sponsor, subject to certain terms and conditions. These terms and conditions include, among others, that the customer has met its revenue targets under each EAR for 2022 and thatNew Mountain Capital has sold our Class A common stock above a certain threshold as set forth in each amendment. We have the option to settle any portion of the EARs so exercised in cash or in Class A common stock, provided that the aggregate amount of any cash payments do not exceed$25.0 million in any calendar quarter (with any amounts exceeding$25.0 million to be paid in the following quarter or quarters). We and our customer also agreed to extend our existing commercial arrangements through the middle of 2026 and established targets for the minimum number of IHEs to be performed on behalf of the customer each year (the "Volume Targets"). The EAR Amendments did not result in any incremental expense as the fair value at the time of modification did not exceed the fair value of the originalDecember 2019 EAR andSeptember 2020 EAR immediately prior to the modification. Accordingly, we will continue to recognize the original grant date fair value of the 2019 EAR and 2020 EAR awards as a reduction to revenue. We also entered into the EAR Letter Agreement with the customer that provides that, in the event of a change in control of the Company or certain other corporate transactions, and subject to achievement of the Volume Targets, if the aggregate amount paid under the EARs prior to and in connection with such event (the "Aggregate EAR Value") is less than$118.5 million , then the customer will be paid the difference between$118.5 million and the Aggregate EAR Value. The EAR Letter Agreement was determined to be a separate equity-linked instrument, independent from the original EARs, as amended. The grant date fair value is determined based on an option pricing model. Similar to the original EARs, we will record the initial grant date fair value as a reduction to revenue over the performance period. Estimated changes in fair market value will be recorded each accounting period based on management's current assumptions related to the underlying valuation approaches as other (income) expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The grant date fair value of the EAR Letter Agreement was estimated to be$76.2 million and will be recorded as a reduction of revenue throughJune 30, 2026 , coinciding with the service period. The EAR Letter Agreement was executed onDecember 31, 2021 and, therefore, there was no material impact on our results of operations in 2021. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , due to the change in control and liquidity provisions of each EAR, cash settlement of the EARs is expected to occur following the close of the pending Merger and will be paid based on the$30.50 per share defined in the Merger Agreement. The grant date fair value of theDecember 2019 EAR was estimated to be$15.2 million and is being recorded as a reduction of revenue throughDecember 31, 2022 , coinciding with the three-year performance period. The grant date fair value of theSeptember 2020 EAR was estimated to be$36.6 million and is being recorded as a reduction of revenue throughDecember 31, 2022 , coinciding with the 2.5-year performance period. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the total combined estimated fair market value of the EARs, as amended, and EAR Letter Agreement was approximately$278.1 million .
Non-GAAP financial measures
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are not measures of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered substitutes for GAAP measures, including net income or loss, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin have limitations as analytical tools, and when assessing our operating performance, you should not consider these non-GAAP financial measures in isolation or as substitutes for net income or loss or other consolidated income statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. Other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net (loss) income before interest expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization and certain items of income and expense, including asset 74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents impairment, other (income) expense, net, transaction-related expenses, restructuring expenses, equity-based compensation, remeasurement of contingent consideration, SEU expense and non-recurring expenses. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides a useful measure to investors to assess our operating performance because it eliminates the impact of expenses that do not relate to ongoing business performance, and that the presentation of this measure enhances an investor's understanding of the performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA is a key metric used by management and our Board to assess the performance of our business. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides a useful measure to investors to assess our operating performance because it eliminates the impact of expenses that do not relate to ongoing business performance, and that the presentation of this measure enhances an investor's understanding of the performance of our business. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA Margin is helpful to investors in measuring the profitability of our operations on a consolidated level. Our use of the terms Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin may vary from the use of similar terms by other companies in our industry and accordingly may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin have important limitations as analytical tools. For example, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin:
•do not reflect any cash capital expenditure requirements for the assets being
depreciated and amortized that may have to be replaced in the future;
•do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
•do not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we
consider not to be indicative of our core operations;
•do not reflect the interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to
service interest or principal payments on our debt; and
•do not reflect equity-based compensation expense and other non-cash charges;
and exclude certain tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash
available to us.
Adjusted EBITDA decreased by$80.2 million to a loss of$38.2 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 from income of$42.0 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Adjusted EBITDA decreased by$61.6 million , or (47.0)%, to$69.4 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 from$131.0 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease in both the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 is primarily driven by the decline in revenue in our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment as a result of CMS decision to implement negative price trend adjustments, which we are currently in the process of appealing. We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA Margin is helpful to investors in measuring the profitability of our operations on a consolidated basis. Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased to (27.3)% for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 from 21.1% for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased to 11.5% for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 from 22.1% for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . 75 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The following table shows a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted
EBITDA for the periods presented:
Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (in millions) Net (loss) income$ (225.0) $ 29.3 $ (731.3)$ (22.5) Interest expense 6.0 4.2 14.6 17.5 Loss on extinguishment of debt - - - 5.0 Income tax (benefit) expense (48.5) 6.4 (49.3) (3.7) Depreciation and amortization 14.7 17.6 52.8 51.6 Asset impairment(a) 3.3 - 523.2 - Other expense (income), net(b) 181.1 (27.4) 182.5 43.6 Transaction-related expenses(c) 9.6 2.9 14.5 9.5 Restructuring expenses(d) 16.7 - 16.7 - Equity-based compensation(e) 13.3 3.7 34.7 9.5 Customer equity appreciation rights(f) 6.5 5.0 19.5 14.8 Remeasurement of contingent consideration(g) (17.5) - (12.6) 2.2 SEU Expense(h) 0.6 0.2 0.9 2.0 Non-recurring expenses(i) 1.0 0.1 3.2 1.5 Adjusted EBITDA$ (38.2) $ 42.0 $ 69.4$ 131.0 (a) Asset impairment is primarily related to customer relationships, acquired and capitalized software and goodwill which was impaired due to our decision to wind down our Episodes of Care business which was triggered by the receipt of the reconciliation from CMS inJune 2022 . See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting our Results of Operations -Episodes of Care Wind-down Restructuring." Additionally, during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded an asset impairment of intangible assets related to assets acquired in a 2019 acquisition that underlie ourSignify Community platform that we expect to no longer offer. (b) Represents other non-operating (income) expense that consists primarily of the quarterly remeasurement of fair value of the outstanding customer EARs and EAR Letter Agreement as well as interest and dividends earned on cash and cash equivalents. (c) Represents transaction-related expenses that consist primarily of expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions and other corporate development activities, including the pending Merger and theCaravan Health acquisition and related integration expenses as well as potential acquisitions that did not proceed, strategic investments and similar activities. Expenses incurred in connection with our IPO, which cannot be netted against proceeds, are also included in transaction-related expenses in 2021. (d) Represents restructuring expense related to the Episodes of Care Wind-down due to our plans to exit the business. Restructuring expense includes severance and related employee costs, contract termination fees and professional services fees. (e) Represents expense related to equity incentive awards, including incentive units, stock options and RSUs, granted to certain employees, officers and non-employee directors as long-term incentive compensation. 76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents We recognize the related expense for these awards ratably over the vesting period or as achievement of performance criteria become probable. (f) Represents the reduction of revenue related to the grant date fair value of the customer EARs granted pursuant to the customer EAR agreements we entered into inDecember 2019 andSeptember 2020 , as amended and the EAR Letter Agreement we entered into inDecember 2021 . (g) Represents remeasurement of contingent consideration in 2022 related to potential payments due upon completion of certain performance targets in connection with theCaravan Health acquisition. In 2021, relates to potential payments due upon completion of certain milestone events in connection with our acquisition of PatientBlox. (h) Represents compensation expense related to awards of SEUs subject to time-based vesting. A limited number of SEUs were granted in 2020 and 2021 at the time of the IPO; no future grants of SEUs will be made. Compensation expense related to these awards is tied to the 30-trading day average price of our Class A common stock, and therefore is subject to volatility and may fluctuate from period to period until settlement occurs. (i) Represents certain gains and expenses incurred that are not expected to recur, including those associated with the closure of certain facilities, one-time employee termination benefits and the early termination of certain contracts as well as one-time expenses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our material cash requirements include non-cancelable purchase commitments, lease obligations, debt and debt service, payments under the TRA and settlement of the outstanding customer EARs, among others. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , there have been no material changes from the contractual obligations and commitments previously disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K other than as described below. EffectiveApril 1, 2022 , we entered into a new lease agreement for a facility in Galway,Ireland . The lease term is 15 years with an option to terminate after 10 years. It is not reasonably certain that we will not exercise the option to terminate after 10 years; therefore, the total lease payments are expected to be approximately$7.0 million over 10 years. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we executed an early termination notice with one of our facility landlords, paying a penalty of$1.0 million . The early exit of the lease will result in approximately$1.8 million lower lease payments over the original life of the lease through 2025. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights, whereby we may be obligated Parent a termination fee. See "-Recent Developments in 2022 and Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations -Pending Acquisition". If the Merger Agreement were terminated in accordance with its terms, under certain specified circumstances, we may be required to pay Parent a termination fee in an amount equal to$228.0 million , including if the Merger Agreement is terminated due to our accepting a superior proposal or due to the Board changing its recommendation to our stockholders to vote to approve the Merger Agreement. Additionally, we have entered into agreements with certain banks that provide that, upon closing of the Merger, we are obligated to pay an aggregate advisory fee of approximately$78.4 million . If the Merger is not consummated, we are obligated in certain circumstances to pay a breakage fee of approximately$36.6 million . 77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Customer Equity Appreciation Rights Based on the acquisition value of the pending Merger and our current stock price, the value of the outstanding EAR agreements exceed the minimum value established in the EAR Letter Agreement. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the estimated customer EAR liability was included in current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, reflecting our expectation that the Merger will close within the next 12 months, which would result in payment of the EAR liabilities. Upon closing of the Merger, we expect to make full payment of the EAR liability, which was approximately$278.1 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 .
Amendment to Tax Receivable Agreement
The Company, Cure TopCo and certain other parties thereto have entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement and LLC Agreement Amendment, dated as ofSeptember 2, 2022 (the "TRA Amendment") which (i) amends (x) the Tax Receivable Agreement among the Company, Cure TopCo and certain other parties thereto and (y) the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement and (ii) provides for certain covenants regarding tax reporting and tax-related actions. The TRA Amendment provides for (i) the termination of all payments under the TRA from and after the Effective Time of the Merger Agreement, (ii) the payment of any amounts due under the TRA prior to the Effective Time (other than payments resulting from an action taken by any party to the TRA after the date of the TRA Amendment, which will be suspended), in accordance with the terms of the TRA, which payments will be paid no earlier than 185 days following the filing of theU.S. federal income tax return of the Company, (iii) a prohibition on the Company terminating the TRA or accelerating obligations under the TRA after the date of the TRA Amendment and (iv) the termination of the TRA effective as of immediately prior to and contingent upon the occurrence of the Effective Time (including termination of all of the Company's obligations thereunder and the obligation to make any of the foregoing suspended payments). The TRA Amendment also includes agreements among the parties thereto regarding the preparation of tax returns and limits actions that may be taken by the Company, Cure TopCo and certain of their controlled affiliates after the Effective Time. The TRA Amendment also (i) suspends all tax distributions under the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement from and after the Effective Time, and (ii) provides that from and after the Effective Time, no person or entity shall have any further payment or other obligation under the TRA or any obligation to make or pay tax distributions under the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement. In the event the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, (i) the TRA Amendment will become null and void ab initio (provided that any payments suspended as described above are required to be made), (ii) the TRA and the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement will continue in full force and effect as if the TRA Amendment had never been executed (provided that any suspended payments as described above are required to be made), and (iii) all of the Company's obligations under the Cure TopCo Amended LLC Agreement will continue in full force and effect as if the TRA Amendment had never been executed. The foregoing description of the TRA Amendment does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the TRA Amendment which was filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with theSEC onSeptember 6, 2022 .
Off-balance sheet arrangements
Except for certain letters of credit entered into in the normal course of
business and the unconsolidated VIEs related to
the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we do not have any off-
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balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a
current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial
condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital
expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
Critical accounting policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates on our historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results experienced may vary materially and adversely from our estimates. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively. There have been no material changes, other than as described below, to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described under Part II, Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Revenue recognition
We recognize revenue as the control of promised services is transferred to our customers and we generate all of our revenue from contracts with customers. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for these services. The measurement and recognition of revenue requires us to make certain judgments and estimates. We apply the five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires us to (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy the performance obligation. The unit of measure for revenue recognition is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct or series of distinct goods or services to the customer. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Our customer contracts have either (1) a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct; (2) a series of distinct performance obligations; or (3) multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple service offerings. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the contract's transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative standalone selling price of each distinct service in the contract. 79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Home & Community Services There have been no material changes to revenue recognition in our Home & Community Services segment except that we reallocated ourCaravan Health business, which was previously included in our Episodes of Care Services segment, to our Home & Community Services segment. Our subsidiary,Caravan Health has multiple product and service offerings for customers around the management of the ACO model. These include, but are not limited to, population health software, analytics, practice improvement, compliance, marketing, governance, surveys and licensing. The overall objective of the services provided is to help the customer receive shared savings from CMS.Caravan Health enters into arrangements with customers wherein we receive a contracted percentage of each customer's portion of shared savings if earned. We recognize shared savings revenue as performance obligations are satisfied over time, commensurate with the recurring ACO services provided to the customer over a 12-month calendar year period. The shared savings transaction price is variable, and therefore, we estimate an amount we expect to receive for each 12-month calendar year performance obligation period. In order to estimate this variable consideration, management initially uses estimates of historical performance of the ACOs. We consider inputs such as attributed patients, expenditures, benchmarks and inflation factors. We adjust our estimates at the end of each reporting period to the extent new information indicates a change is needed. We apply a constraint to the variable consideration estimate in circumstances where we believe the data received is incomplete or inconsistent, so as not to have the estimates result in a significant revenue reversal in future periods. Although our estimates are based on the information available to us at each reporting date, new and material information may cause actual revenue earned to differ from the estimates recorded each period. These include, among others, Hierarchical Conditional Category ("HCC") coding information, quarterly reports from CMS with information on the aforementioned inputs, unexpected changes in attributed patients and other limitations of the program beyond our control. We receive final reconciliations from CMS and collect the cash related to shared savings earned annually in the third or fourth quarter of each year for the preceding calendar year. We recorded a$5.7 million reduction to value-based care services revenue for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as we reduced our estimates of shared savings for the 2022 plan year based on new information received from CMS during the third quarter of 2022. The new data included updated historical benchmarks that were lower than our expectations primarily due to the lingering after effects of COVID-19 and updated spend information for the fourth quarter of 2021 compared to the fourth quarter of 2020. The inflationary trend CMS applies to the benchmark expenditures for ACOs in their initial agreement period includes a calculation of national and regional spend for a twelve month period. When CMS initially reported the benchmark expenditure data earlier this year, data from the fourth quarter of 2020 was used rather than the fourth quarter of 2021 data, as the full year 2021 data was not yet available. The historical benchmark expenditures are now locked for the existing ACOs and will not be rebased until each ACO enters its next agreement period. For ACOs originated in 2022, this means that the historical benchmark expenditures will not be rebased until 2027. The remaining sources ofCaravan Health revenue are recognized over time when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied and are primarily based on a fixed fee or per member per month fee. Therefore, they do not require significant estimates and assumptions by management.
Episodes of Care Wind-down
The episodes solutions we provide in our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment are an integrated set of services which represent a single performance obligation in the form of a series of distinct services. This performance obligation is satisfied over time as the various services are delivered. We primarily offer these services to customers under the BPCI-A program. 80 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Under the BPCI-A program, we recognize the revenue attributable to episodes reconciled during each six-month episode performance measurement period over a 13-month performance obligation period that commences in the second or fourth quarter of each year, depending on the relevant contract with our provider partners. The 13-month performance obligation period begins at the start of the relevant episodes of care and extends through the receipt or generation of the semiannual reconciliation for the relevant performance measurement period, as well as the provision and explanation of statements of performance to each of our customers. The transaction price is 100% variable and therefore we estimate an amount in which we expect to be entitled to receive for each six-month episode performance measurement period over a 13-month performance obligation period. Due to the recent announcement related to our planned exit from the Episodes of Care business, during the third quarter 2022, we reevaluated the 13-month performance obligation period and shortened the open performance obligation periods to end as ofDecember 31, 2022 , the date in which we expect our services to be substantially provided. For each partner agreement, the fees are generally twofold, an administrative fee, which is based on a stated percentage of program size and is paid out of savings, and a defined share of program savings or losses, if any. In order to estimate this variable consideration, management estimates the expected program size as well as the expected savings rate for each six-month period of episodes of care. The estimate is performed both at the onset of each performance measurement period based on information available at the time and at the end of each reporting period. In making the estimate, we consider inputs such as the overall program size which is defined by the historic cost multiplied by the frequency of occurrence of defined episodes of care. Additionally, we estimate savings rates by using data sources such as historical trend analysis together with indicative data of the current volume of episodes. We adjust our estimates at the end of each six-month performance measurement period, generally in the second and fourth quarter each year, and may further adjust at the end of each reporting period to the extent new information indicates a change is needed. We apply a constraint to the variable consideration estimate in circumstances where we believe the claims data received is incomplete or inconsistent, so as not to have the estimates result in a significant revenue reversal in future periods. Although our estimates are based on the information available to us at each reporting date, several factors may cause actual revenue earned to differ from the estimates recorded each period. These include, among others, CMS-imposed restrictions on the definition of episodes and benchmark prices, healthcare provider participation, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and other limitations of the program beyond our control.
The following changes have been made to our revenue recognition and estimates
related to the semiannual BPCI-A reconciliation.
During the second quarter of 2022, we received a semiannual BPCI-A reconciliation from CMS. Within that reconciliation, CMS applied a negative retrospective price adjustment to the benchmark prices against which savings are measured for specific episodes under the BPCI-A program. Several BPCI-A participants, including us, disputed the price adjustment. Our dispute is based on independently collected price trend data that indicates a positive price adjustment should be applied and corresponds with inflation in the medical services industry. CMS subsequently recommended participants provide formal evidence of the pricing errors. We responded to the request inJuly 2022 , and upon receipt of our submission of the calculation error notice, CMS deemed the reconciliation period to remain open. As a result of the open reconciliation period and our view that the information presented in the reconciliation was not accurate, we did not change our revenue estimates upon receipt of the second quarter semiannual reconciliation and awaited further resolution or clarity of this matter. 81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents InOctober 2022 , we and other BPCI-A participants, received a memorandum from CMS providing a general response to questions raised related to the retrospective price adjustment as well as CMS' plans for the future of the BPCI-A program. CMS indicated it had reviewed its own calculations and did not find errors in how it applied them but at the same time acknowledged a lack of transparency and the use of non-public data and proposed to make changes to the pricing formulas in subsequent model years. Later inOctober 2022 , we received the required formal response to our calculation error notice submitted inJuly 2022 , reiterating that following a comprehensive review and referencing the aforementioned memorandum, CMS did not find any errors in its calculations. This response indicates CMS deems the original semiannual reconciliation provided inJune 2022 to be correct. We are in the process of appealing this decision, which ultimately will further delay CMS deeming the semiannual reconciliation final and the related cash flows. Due to the formal response to our calculation error notice received from CMS inOctober 2022 in regard to the most recent semiannual reconciliation, we revised our revenue estimates related to the performance period included in that reconciliation as well as the subsequent two open performance periods. As a result, during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we recorded a reversal of revenue previously recorded of$38.6 million ,$18.7 million and$6.9 million related to performance periods beginning inApril 2021 ,October 2021 andApril 2022 , respectively. Additionally, we considered the negative trend factor adjustments imposed by CMS in our revenue estimates for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . As a result of this negative adjustment, our revenue estimates are lower than they would have otherwise been and certain customers were in a negative overall revenue position for the performance period, and we therefore recorded expense of approximately$1.3 million included in Service expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Further changes in management's estimates, including a potential reversal of previously recorded revenue, could occur based on the outcome of the pending appeal process noted above and to the extent the final remaining semiannual reconciliations receive additional pricing adjustments. Additionally, as a result of the change in estimates and our withdrawal from the BPCI-A program, we reduced revenue by$12.2 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 related to administrative fee revenue recorded for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. As a result of the pricing adjustments imposed by CMS and our planned exit from the BPCI-A program, it is unlikely these amounts will be collected from the customers, as they generally would be paid out of future savings earned. Since the final determination of the semiannual reconciliation is pending appeal and we did not receive the formal response to our calculation error notice until lateOctober 2022 , the recognition of accounts receivable for our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment as ofSeptember 30, 2022 has not yet occurred. Estimated revenue related to this reconciliation period continue to be included in contract assets with corresponding shared savings expenses included in contract liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . Historically, we received a final reconciliation in the second quarter of each year, thereby reducing the associated contract assets and recording accounts receivable for the amounts to be collected and reducing the corresponding contract liabilities and recording accounts payable for the amounts to be paid. Accordingly, the net cash collections from the delayed reconciliation, in addition to being significantly less than prior periods, will also deviate from historical cash collection seasonality trends. Separately, we have revised our estimates of the time it will take to substantially complete our performance obligations from 13 months to 9 months for the open performance period that began inApril 2022 as a result of our decision to wind down our Episodes of Care business. We expect our services and underlying performance obligations to be substantially satisfied by the end of 2022. This shorter period of time to complete our performance obligations resulted in approximately$1.8 million in additional revenue being recorded during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . 82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Within our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment, we also generate revenue through our non-BPCI-A Episodes of Care program. Similar to the BCPI-A program, revenues under our non-BPCI-A Episodes of Care program are also driven by estimates of program size and savings rate, subject to similar constraints as described above. Completed episodes are retrospectively reconciled following semi-annual performance periods. The remaining sources of revenue in our Episodes of Care Wind-down segment are recognized over time when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied and are primarily based on a fixed fee or per member per month fee. Therefore, they do not require significant estimates and assumptions by management. See Note 6 Revenue Recognition.
Recent accounting pronouncements
For more information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements covered under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Emerging growth company status
We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in the JOBS Act of 2012. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of our fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least$1.07 billion , or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds$700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. Pursuant to the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company is provided the option to adopt new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by FASB or theSEC either (i) within the same periods as those otherwise applicable to non-emerging growth companies or (ii) within the same time periods as private companies. We take advantage of the exemption for complying with new or revised accounting standards within the same time periods as private companies. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information you receive from other public companies. We also take advantage of some of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements of emerging growth companies pursuant to the JOBS Act so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our proxy statement and exemptions from the requirements of holding non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and golden parachute payments. Based on the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates as ofJune 30, 2022 , the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, we expect we will become a large accelerated filer as ofDecember 31, 2022 and lose our emerging growth company status as of year end. 83 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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